A few Halloweens ago, I was sitting on the porch of my privatized housing at Naval Station Mayport, giving candy to trick-or-treaters on our street.
A clay model of a chicken, designed to be used in a clay stop motion animation.Stop motion is an technique in which objects are physically manipulated in small increments between individually photographed frames so that they will appear to exhibit independent motion when the series of frames is played back as a fast sequence. Dolls with movable joints or figures are often used in stop motion for their ease of repositioning.
Stop-motion animation using plasticine figures is called or 'clay-mation'. Not all stop motion, however, requires figures or models: stop-motion films can also be made using humans, household appliances, and other objects, usually for comedic effect. Stop motion using humans is sometimes referred to as pixilation. Contents.Terminology The term 'stop motion,' relating to the animation technique, is often spelled with a as 'stop-motion.'
Both orthographical variants, with and without the hyphen, are correct, but the hyphenated one has a second meaning that is unrelated to animation or cinema: 'a device for automatically stopping a machine or engine when something has gone wrong' ( The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, 1993 edition).Stop motion should not be confused with the technique in which still photographs of a live scene are taken at regular intervals and then combined to make a continuous film. Time lapse is a technique whereby the frequency at which film frames are captured is much lower than that used to view the sequence. When played at normal speed, time appears to be moving faster.History. Segment from the 1925 film animated by Willis O'Brien in 1925Stop-motion animation has a long history in film. It was often used to show objects moving as if by magic, but really by animation.
The first instance of the stop-motion technique can be credited to Albert E. Smith and for 's (1897), in which a toy circus of acrobats and animals comes to life. In 1902, the film Fun in a Bakery Shop used the technique in the 'lightning sculpting' sequence. French trick film maestro used stop-motion animation once to produce moving title-card letters in one of his short films, and a number of his special effects are based on stop-motion photography. In 1907, The Haunted Hotel was released by, and was a resounding success. (1871–1929), from Spain, released later that same year, and used similar techniques as the Blackton film. In 1908, A Sculptor's Welsh Rarebit Nightmare was released, as was The Sculptor's Nightmare, a film by Billy Bitzer.
Italian animator impressed audiences with his object animation tour-de-force, The Automatic Moving Company in 1912. The great European pioneer of stop motion was (1892–1965), who animated The Beautiful Lukanida (1910), The Battle of the Stag Beetles (1910), and The Ant and the Grasshopper (1911).One of the earliest clay animation films was Modelling Extraordinary, which impressed audiences in 1912. December 1916 brought the first of Willie Hopkins' 54 episodes of 'Miracles in Mud' to the big screen. Also in December 1916, the first woman animator, began experimenting with clay stop motion. She would release her first film in 1917, an adaptation of 's.In the turn of the century, there was another well known animator known as (known by others as O'bie).
His work on (1925) is well known, but he is most admired for his work on (1933), a milestone of his films made possible by stop-motion animation.O'Brien's protege and eventual successor in Hollywood was. After learning under O'Brien on the film (1949), Harryhausen would go on to create the effects for a string of successful and memorable films over the next three decades.
These included (1953), (1955), (1963), (1973) and (1981).In a 1940 promotional film, an automotive parts supplier, featured stop-motion animation of its products marching past Autolite factories to the tune of 's. An abbreviated version of this sequence was later used in television ads for Autolite, especially those on the 1950s CBS program, which Autolite sponsored.1960s and 1970s In the 1960s and 1970s, independent clay animator refined the technique of 'free-form' clay animation with his Oscar-nominated 1965 film Clay (or the Origin of Species). Noyes also used stop motion to animate sand lying on glass for his musical animated film Sandman (1975).Stop motion was used by on some of their television programs and feature films including (1960–1961), (1963, 1965) and most notably seasonal/holiday favorites like (1964), (1966, 1967), (1968), (1970) and (1971). Under the name of 'Animagic', the stop-motion works of Rankin/Bass were supervised by at his MOM Production in Tokyo, Japan.In 1975, filmmaker and clay animation experimenter joined with sculptor to create an experimental film called Closed Mondays which became the world's first stop-motion film to win an Oscar. Will Vinton followed with several other successful short film experiments including The Great Cognito, Creation, and Rip Van Winkle which were each nominated for Academy Awards. In 1977, Vinton made a documentary about this process and his style of animation which he dubbed 'claymation'; he titled the documentary Claymation. Soon after this documentary, the term was trademarked by Vinton to differentiate his team's work from others who had been, or were beginning to do, 'clay animation'.
While the word has stuck and is often used to describe clay animation and stop motion, it remains a trademark owned currently by Laika Entertainment, Inc. Twenty clay-animation episodes featuring the clown were a feature of, starting from a first appearance in February 1976.At very much the same time in the UK, and formed.
In 1976 they created the character who appeared as an animated side-kick to the TV presenter on his programme. The five-inch-high presenter was made from a traditional British modelling clay called.
In 1977 they started on a series of animated films, again using modelling clay, but this time made for a more adult audience. The soundtrack for was recorded in a Salvation Army Hostel and Plasticine puppets were animated to dramatise the dialogue. A second film, also for the BBC followed in 1978.
A TV series was aired in 1980.Sand-coated puppet animation was used in the Oscar-winning 1977 film, produced by Dutch-Canadian animator. Hoedeman was one of dozens of animators sheltered by the, a Canadian government film arts agency that had supported animators for decades. A pioneer of refined multiple stop-motion films under the NFB banner was, who brought in many other animators to create their own creatively controlled films. Notable among these are the films of Jacques Drouin, made with the original pinscreen donated by.Italian stop-motion films include (1978), by, which was stop motion with, and the clay animation kittens. This section needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: – ( September 2015) Reasons for using stop motion instead of the more advanced (CGI) include the low entry price and the appeal of its distinct look.
It is now mostly used in children's programming, in commercials and some comic shows such as. Another merit of stop motion is that it legitimately displays actual real-life textures, as CGI texturing is more artificial, therefore not quite as close to realism.
This is appreciated by a number of animation directors, such as, and.Stop motion in television and movies. This section needs additional citations for. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: – ( March 2013) Dominating children's TV stop-motion programming for three decades in America was 's series (1955–1989) and its feature film, (1992, 1995), using both freeform and character clay animation. Clokey started his adventures in clay with a 1953 freeform clay short film called Gumbasia (1953) which shortly thereafter propelled him into his more structured Gumby TV series. In partnership with the, he also produces (1960–2004).In November 1959, the first episode of was shown on, a children's show that had as its primary function. New episodes, minus any propaganda, are still being produced in the, making it one of the longest running animated series in the world.
In the 1960s, the French animator created the well-known (1965) which played for many years on the. Another French/Polish stop-motion animated series was ( Barnaby the Bear in the UK, Jeremy in Canada), by and.A British TV series, (1969), became popular on television. The British artists Brian Cosgrove and Mark Hall produced the two stop-motion animated adaptions of 's Noddy book series including the original series of the same name (1975–1982) and (1992–2001), a full-length film (1983) and later a, both based on 's of the same title. They also produced a documentary of their production techniques,. Since the 1970s and continuing into the 21st century, a British studio, has produced short films, television series, commercials and feature films, starring characters such as; they also produced a notable for ', a song by.During 1986 to 1991, Churchill Films produced, and for ABC television.
The shows featured stop-motion characters combined with live action, based on the books of Beverly Cleary. John Clark Matthews was animation director, with Justin Kohn, Joel Fletcher, and Gail Van Der Merwe providing character animation.From 1986 to 2000, of, a Swiss were produced. In the 1990s and made two shorts and the pilot of almost entirely out of.In 1999, directed an official 30-second sketches of the character.
With the shorts animated by stop-motion studio is still currently produced in and has then received universal critical acclaim from fans and critics. Gōda also directed the stop-motion movie series Komaneko in 2004.In 2003, the pilot film for the series, produced by Korean studio Ffango Entertoyment is greenlighted into a animated series in 2004 after an approval with the Gyeonggi Digital Contents Agency. It was aired in on November 24, 2006 and won the 13th Korean Animation Awards in 2007 for Best Animation. Ffango Entertoyment also worked with in to produce the 2010 film remake of.Since 2005, has mostly utilized stop-motion animation, using custom made and other toys as principal characters.Since 2009, the stop-motion successor to, has released five, which have collectively grossed over $400 million.Stop motion in other media Many young people begin their experiments in movie making with stop motion, thanks to the ease of modern stop-motion software and online video publishing. Many new stop-motion shorts use clay animation into a new form.Singer-songwriter 's music video for the song was posted on YouTube on January 19, 2009. The video, directed by Lavie and Yuval and Merav Nathan, uses stop motion and has achieved great success with over 25.4 million views, also earning a 2010 Grammy Award nomination for 'Best Short Form Music Video'.Stop motion has occasionally been used to create the characters for computer games, as an alternative to CGI.
The game (1998) featured creatures built by stop-motion specialist Alan Friswell, who made the miniature figures from modelling clay and latex rubber, over armatures of wire and ball-and-socket joints. The models were then animated one frame at a time, and incorporated into the CGI elements of the game through digital photography. ' for the and for the are other examples.Scientists at IBM used a to single out and move individual atoms which were used to make characters in. This was the tiniest scale stop-motion video made at that time.See also.
stop, combinations section ( Comb.), stop-motion a device for automatically stopping a machine or engine when something has gone wrong ( The New Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, Clarendon Press, Oxford, Vol. 2 N-Z, 1993 edition, see page 3,074).
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Guinness World Records. Retrieved 5 January 2013. Retrieved 2010-04-24. Retrieved 2010-04-24. 3-D Revolution Productions. Retrieved 2010-04-24. (in German).
Archived from on 2013-04-12. Retrieved 2013-03-20.,. Retrieved 2011-01-06. Archived from on 2010-02-11. Retrieved 2010-04-24.Bibliography. Lord, Peter; Sibley, Brian (1998).
Creating 3-D animation: The Aardman Book of Filmmaking. New York: Harry N. Abrams.
Maltin, Leonard (2006). Leonard Maltin's Movie and Video Guide (2007 ed.). New York: Plume. Sibley, Brian (2000). Chicken Run: Hatching the Movie.
New York: Abrams. Smith, Dave (1998). Disney A to Z: The Updated Official Encyclopedia (updated ed.). New York: Hyperion. Taylor, Richard (1996). Encyclopedia of Animation Techniques. Philadelphia: Running Press.External links Wikimedia Commons has media related to.Look up in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
at. an example for an early stop-motion film (1908):,.
An alternative explanation.
Coney WaffleOut of the incessant back-and-forths came the ideas to create ghosts, cats, tombstones, and monsters. 'We're up to about 10 designs, and we cannot make them fast enough,' says Zalick. 'We have employees dedicated to making them throughout the day.' Any that you order can be topped in the shop's signature outrageous style.
They keep a hearty stash of cotton candy and gummies within reach at all times, crafting foot-high mountains of it that practically defy gravity. For Halloween they've upped the ante: There are chewy eyeballs, brains, and skulls.
DescriptionEBOOKPit Hartling is among the top creators, authors and performers of card magic in the world today. His book Card Fictions has become a modern classic. This time Pit has turned to the memorized deck. The results are exceptional.New concepts in memorized-deck magic.Wide range of effects.Engaging, unusual new plots and presentations.Stack-independent: Almost all effects can be done with any stack.Includes “Returning home to stack“ for every effect.Expertly written. Clear and easy to read.High-quality production (252 pages, artful design, full-colour photographs, hardcover, linen binding)In Order to Amaze includes the following performance pieces:EchoesHigh in the mountains, cards behave in mysterious ways.
Three free selections. Three perfect echoes.Catch Me If You CanIt‘s sleight of hand vs. Test conditions in this impossible two-deck sandwich routine.The Poker FormulasDeal any poker hand to any number of players. A Full, Threes over Jacks for nine players? (No math or memory required).Close EncountersSame cards from different decks like to meet up and hang out.
A best-buddy triple coincidence.SherlockAn incredible “impossible location” using a shuffled stack (!) (Oh, and it’s funny, too!)The CoreFind a thought-of card and see why a deck is like a piece of fruit. Also: How to peel a deck!Thought ExchangeWhy do all the work alone? This time you find their thought-of card – and they find yours!DuplicityA gambling demonstration for people who don’t play cards: Duplicate random hands from a shuffled (!) deck.Just like that!Teach me a trick!« You do, they succeed – and they have no idea how they did it!Four Way StopA slow-motion quadruple stop trick. Not so easy, but Oh. Fair.Top of the HeapFour random packets. A freely named four-of-a-kind.
And for once, the laying-on of hands really works!Impossible BetFour packets change into a Royal Flush? In one second, with one hand, without looking? Yep.The IllusionistCut to a freely named four-of-a-kind – that was actually in your pocket the whole time!IdentityA triple back and forth change of random cards into a named quartet. Highly visual (and rumoured to get screams!)Fairy Tale PokerThe enchanted deck that will grant your spectators’ wishes! (Talking frog not included).The Right Kind of WrongSometimes dead wrong is exactly right – if only seen from another deck! Related products.
“The Boondocks” and the late Anthony Bourdain are coming back to TV.Sony Pictures Animation announced a “re-imagining” of the animated satire series “The Boondocks” in collaboration with creator Aaron McGruder as part of their presentation at the Annecy Festival 2019 on Wednesday, and the company is also developing an animated series called “Hungry Ghosts” based on the Dark Horse graphic novel comic series written by Bourdain and Joel Rose.“The Boondocks” reboot, which is a co-production with Sony Pictures Television, aims to update the cult, subversive satire for the modern era. It chronicles the adventures of the Freeman family against the evil local government tyrant Uncle Ruckus, who rules the fictional Woodcrest County, Maryland with an iron fist.Also Read:“Hungry Ghosts” will be an anthology of twisted and culinary-inspired ghost stories with both horror and comedic elements.
Each episode will range in tone and will look completely different from the last, taking advantage of various forms of animation to best fit each story. Among the other titles announced as part of Sony Pictures Animation’s slate are two projects from “Samurai Jack” creator and “Hotel Transylvania” director Genndy Tartakovsky. One is the studio’s first R-rated animated feature, a comedy titled “Fixed” about a dog living his last night up as a bachelor upon learning he’s getting neutered the next day. Tartakovsky will direct.The other that Tartakovsky is developing, “Black Knight,” is an original, action-adventure epic that tells the story of a highly skilled and faithful knight who, after failing to protect his king, must transform himself into the Black Knight to save the kingdom.
Also Read:Finally, on SPA Alternative’s slate is the series “Superbago,” a collaboration with Stoopid Buddy Stoodios that was previously developed as a feature film at Sony Animation. The series will be a half-hour comedy that blends Claymation and live-action and follows the adventures of two dimwitted animated heroes traveling in a very real Winnebago around the actual United States of America.Sony also shared first looks at its other animated features currently in the works, including “The Angry Birds Movie 2,” the Phil Lord and Chris Miller produced “The Mitchells vs. The Machines,” and the musical “Vivo” featuring original songs by Lin-Manuel Miranda. “Zootopia” director Rich Moore has also joined “Vivo” as a producer. 'The Humpty Dumpty Circus' (1898)Stop-motion at its most basic is an animation technique in which a filmmaker physically moves an object, taking photographs of each new position, creating the illusion of movement when the series of photographs is played in sequence.
'The Humpty Dumpty Circus,' created between 1897 and 1898, is believed to be the first film made using the technique. Stuart Blackton and Albert E. Smith used their daughter's dolls to imagine acrobats and animals in motion.Unfortunately, the film has been lost to history, and it's not even clear if anything from it survives. In fact, stills purported to be from the film may actually be photographs of a popular children's toy set sold in the early 20th century.
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'The Lost World' (1925)Based on Arthur Conan Doyle's fantasy story of the same name, 'The Lost World' is the first feature-length American film featuring stop-motion animation, and possibly the first such feature ever made. Animator Willis O'Brien developed several lasting innovations during production of 'The Lost World.' Among them were several dozen model dinosaurs, and a technique for getting stop-motion and live-action footage onscreen at the same time. These advances laid the groundwork for O'Brien's most famous stop-motion achievement - 1933's 'King Kong.' 'Jason and the Argonauts' (1963)One of the most influential animators who ever lived, Ray Harryhausen was a protege of Willis O'Brien and worked with him until finally getting the chance to lead a project in 1953 with the film 'The Beast from 20,000 Fathoms.' Harryhausen developed the 'Dynamation' technique that helped integrate the live-action with the stop-motion models.
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Harryhausen made his masterwork with 1963's 'Jason and the Argonauts,' with the scope of the film's skeleton battle and hydra creation being an ambitious leap above his previous films. Columbia Pictures.
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